《帝国全战》拿破仑战争时期的波兰军团

雅丽奈萝琳:Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, a former high-ranking officer in the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, began his work in 1796 - a year after the total destruction of the Commonwealth - when he was summoned to Paris by Napoleon Bonaparte. He was soon authorised by the French-allied Cisalpine Republic to create Polish legions, which would be part of the army of the newly created Republic of Lombardy. He was also authorised to sign an agreement with the new government of the Republic of Lombardy, where the Republic agreed to create a second legion.
扬•亨利克•东布罗夫斯基曾是一名波兰—立陶宛联邦军队的高级军官。在联邦被摧毁的后一年,即1796年,他被拿破仑召唤到巴黎开始新的工作。不久之后,他就被授权在法兰西的附庸——阿尔卑斯共和国【译者注一】组建波兰军团。与此同时,他被新成立的伦巴第共和国政F授权组建一支新的第二军团作为新共和国陆军的一部分。 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:
扬•亨利克•东布罗夫斯基 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:
后来的法国元帅——波尼亚托夫斯基亲王 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:
驻意大利波兰军团鼓手 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:
东布罗夫斯基进入罗马 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:In 1798, General Józef Zajączek organized the Second Polish Legion under the French. In 1799, Karol Kniaziewicz organized the Third Legion (the Danube Legion) to fight against the Austrians in Bavaria.[2] The Poles could not choose all their fights. Their morale weakened when, instead of being sent against the partitioners of Poland, they were used by the French to put down uprisings (like that in the Papal States). Particularly during treaty negotiations between the French and Austrians, the French were finding the Polish issue to be a problem. It was then that the future Polish national anthem, Mazurek Dąbrowskiego, was created by Józef Wybicki, with words promising 'the return of the Polish army from Italy to Poland'.
1798年,约瑟夫•扎贾克将军完成了对第二军团的组建。1799年,卡罗•塔杜斯组织了第三军团(即多瑙河军团)来对抗巴伐利亚的奥地利军队。然而,波兰军队却无法决定自己的命运——他们被法国人牢牢地控制着——用来Z压诸如教皇国境内的起义,而不是去打击那些瓜分了波兰的家伙们。士气不可避免地削弱了——尤其当法国和奥地利开始接触就停战条约进行谈判时——法国人甚至发现波兰人是个麻烦的包袱。这就是未来的波兰国家《波兰没有灭亡》的创作背景。歌词中满含着波兰人对回归故土的渴望。
以下为《波兰没有灭亡》歌词节选:
  波兰没有灭亡
  只要我们一息尚存
  波兰就不会灭亡
  举起战刀,收回失地
  前进,前进,东布罗夫斯基…
  从意大利到波兰
  在您的领导下
  我们将亲如一家
  我们跨越维斯瓦河,
  渡过瓦尔塔河
  成为真正的波兰人
  拿破仑已经告诉我们
  如何去取得胜利
  前进,前进,东布罗夫斯基…
  就像查尔诺斯基到波兹南
  结束瑞典人的占领
  为了保卫我们的祖国
  我们将渡海归来
  前进,前进,东布罗夫斯基… 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:During the War of the Second Coalition, the First Legion fought against the Russians at Trebbia (17–19 June 1799) where it acted as the rearguard of retreating French forces. Polish legionaries under General Dądrowski fought at Novi (15 July 1799), where Russian and Austrian armies defeated the French army. The Second Legion suffered heavily; particularly in the first battles on the Adige (26 March, 4 April 1799) - where it also acted as the rear guard to the retreating French. It also suffered in the battle of Mantua (April-July), when French commander Foissac-Latour decided to release Polish soldiers under general Wielhorski into Austrian custody as Austrians claimed them to be deserters.
第二次反法同盟战争期间,在特雷比亚(1799年6月17-19日)波兰第一军团充当了撤退中的法军后卫,与沙皇军队殊死作战;在诺维(同年7月15日),当法军被俄奥联军击溃时,波兰士兵在东布罗夫斯基的指挥下坚持战斗着。拿破仑战争期间,波兰第二军团遭到重创,当波兰人再一次成为了整个法军的后卫时——这次是在阿迪杰河畔的战斗中(3月26日至4月4日),损失是可想而知的。更令人无言以对的是,在曼图亚的包围战期间(4月到7月),波兰军队遭受巨大的伤亡,而指挥他们的法军将领弗瓦萨克—拉图尔却决定将维尔霍斯基将军统帅下的波兰士兵交给奥地利人,只因为奥地利人宣称这些英勇果敢的士兵是叛徒! 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:
1812年的拿破仑 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:According to the Treaty of Amiens's secret articles, France agreed to disband Polish legions. In 1802, France sent the legions (5,280 strong) to Haiti to put down the Haitian Revolution (on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, known then as French West Indies or St. Domingue.) Napoleon wanted to regain the colony of Saint Domingue, but had no wish to deplete his main French army any more than he had to. Polish legions were accompanied by contingents of Germans and Swiss French allies, as well as by the less favoured units of Napoleon's French army.
根据亚眠条约中的秘密条款,法国人同意了解散波兰军团。1802年,法国方面将波兰军团的5280名军人送往法属西印度的伊斯帕尼奥拉岛Z压海地革M。拿破仑想要恢复对于圣多明各的殖民统治,但他不希望在这些不必要的地方消耗他宝贵的法国军队。与波兰军团为伴的是那些莱茵同盟兵(德意志人)、瑞士联邦士兵以及不那么受拿破仑青睐的杂牌法国兵。 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:
在圣多明各的波兰军团 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:
提尔西特会议中的拿破仑 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

雅丽奈萝琳:
东布罗夫斯基进入波兹南 发布于 2025-07-21 03:00:04

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